Exploring A Jewish Bet Din And Halakha

By Walter West


When it comes those whom believe all are children of God, there are different laws associated with God and men. For example, individuals of Jewish faith are often required to consult with a Jewish bet din, a court based on old testament teachings in Deuteronomy. In this teaching, the Torah provides that it is the responsibility of the people of different tribes to appoint judges and other officials to settle disputes among the people.

While originally used to quell disputes in the Jewish heritage, these laws are different than those provided by the Federal and State government. The first to serve on the court were 71 rabbis whom served at the original temple in Jerusalem. At that time, the officials heard cases and handed down decisions to the people of Israel.

After the demise and destruction of the temple, the people began spreading out to other areas. As a result, attempting to convene with so many rabbis was no longer viable. Since that time, a beth din has been made of up of three men whom have began serving in many other fashions while continuing to settle disputes among the people.

In order to make a decision on a case, the beth din refers to halakha. In the beginning, the option of consulting with a court of this nature was only available to those living in areas with small populations. Currently, the men serving on this type of court are also considered part and parcel to the formal legal system in the area.

Outside of Israel, there are some local and national batei din, such as the Beth Din of America or the Beth Din of Manchester which are present for those in these areas wishing to consult members of the court. Most often, the courts are staffed by lawyers and judges whom are knowledgeable of laws and rituals associated with the faith. While this is the case, halakha prescribes that three Jewish men can provide these services without being part of any formal organizations.

Whether getting married, obtaining a divorce or converting from another faith, there are many reasons a couple or individual might consult with a beit din. In some cases, it is required by halakha, while in others it is a matter of ritual and practice. In all cases, all individuals involved must be present in order for settlements and proceedings to be binding and legal.

When it comes to divorce and marriage, once a status is finalized, the court will provide certification and documentation as proof of the dissolution or union. In both cases, those involved must provide a great deal of insight and information as to the request for these services. Whereas, the court also has the power to dissolve oaths made during the past year in other matters upon receiving good reasoning and request.

While serving in these personal aspects, the court can also be consulted with regards to dissolving oaths made in the last year, settling business disputes and awarding damages. When dealing with civil issues, most courts conduct proceedings in line with secular arbitration and halakha. For, in doing so, the proceedings are consistent with, and legally binding in a secular court.




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